American Life

American Life
Bust of a serious woman, who looks forward. Her hair is black and is straight. She wear a black beret and a black jacket half-open. Over her left eyebrow are two pictures, painted in red. The top looks like a weapon, while the second looks like a bazooka. Behind her, upper left, three black lines are seen. On them, appreciate thinner lines. Beside, four black stars are on them. Below her, the words "Madonna" and "American Life" are written in capital letters in red color.
Studio album by Madonna
Released April 22, 2003
Recorded June 2002 — January 2003
Genre Pop, electronica, rock, dance-pop
Length 49:39
Label Maverick, Warner Bros.
Producer Madonna, Mirwais Ahmadzaï, Mark "Spike" Stent
Madonna chronology
GHV2
(2001)		 American Life
(2003)		 Remixed & Revisited
(2003)
Singles from American Life
  1. "Die Another Day"
    Released: October 22, 2002
  2. "American Life"
    Released: April 8, 2003
  3. "Hollywood"
    Released: July 3, 2003
  4. "Nothing Fails"
    Released: November 21, 2003
  5. "Love Profusion"
    Released: December 8, 2003

American Life is the ninth studio album by American singer-songwriter Madonna. It was released on April 22, 2003 by Warner Bros. Records and Maverick Records and produced by Madonna and Mirwais Ahmadzaï. It was the world's 32nd-best-selling album in 2003. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and British Phonographic Industry (BPI) both certified it platinum in recognition of one million shipments, and three hundred thousand copies sold, respectively.[1][2] It is the second Madonna Album to have a Parental Advisory sticker, after Erotica.

In the United States and in the United Kingdom the album debuted at number one. It was nominated for two Grammys at the 46th Grammy Awards. Madonna promoted the album in the "American Life Promo Tour" and the worldwide "Re-Invention World Tour". Also, the second earned US$125 million, becoming the 2004 Billboard Top Tour. Music critics variously described the album as "unpatriotic", "slack", and "serious", with some praising the "interesting" album for its "warmer sounds".[3][4][5][6] The album is considered a concept album, with recurring themes of "American Dream" and "materialism". Furthermore, the themes reject the reputation Madonna held in the 1980s with her worldwide hit "Material Girl".[7]

Contents

Background

"Die Another Day" from the album, was first performed in 2004 on the Re-Invention Tour. 4 years later it was remixed and used as an interlude on 2008's Sticky & Sweet Tour. The video for the song is currently the second most expensive video ever, just behind Michael Jackson's "Scream".

The album was mostly composed and entirely produced by Madonna and Mirwais Ahmadzaï. Both had previously collaborated on Madonna's studio album Music.[3][8] Madonna started recording the album in early 2002, after filming the movie Swept Away. Recording of the album was finished in London and Los Angeles in late 2002.[9] Besides Madonna and Ahmadazaï, other songwriting collaborators on the album were Monte Pittman, Stuart Price, and British singer-songwriters, Jem Griffiths and Guy Sigsworth, who had antecedently worked on the song, "What It Feels Like for a Girl", from the Music album. Composer Michel Colombier, who early worked on some of the string-arrangements on Music also contributed. Colombier is responsible for all the string-arrangements on American Life, and conducted "Easy Ride", "Nothing Fails", and "Die Another Day".[10]

American Life was her final studio album with Maverick Records, and marked the end of an eleven-year recording history with the label.[11][12] The album is Madonna's second album to bear a "Parental Advisory" label, due the strong profanity used in the title song. The only other albums to do so being 1992's Erotica (due the sexually explicit content),[13] and 2007's The Confessions Tour (due live performances of "Live to Tell").[14] On December 9, 2003, Warner Music France released a box set version containing both the album and the remix collection Remixed & Revisited in a cardboard sleeve entitled Édition Spéciale 2CDs: American Life + Remixed & Revisited.[15]

To counter illegal Internet downloads of the album's songs both before and after the album's release, Madonna's associates created a number of false song files of similar length and size. Some of these files delivered a brief message from Madonna saying "What the fuck do you think you're doing?" followed by minutes of silence.[16] Madonna's website hacker add a message appearing on the Main Page, saying "This is what the fuck I think I'm doing...," followed by download links for each of the album's songs.[16][17] The website was closed after the attack for about 15 hours.[17]

Musical styles and themes

A black and white picture who focus on a man. On his left is a plant, while the right is a man.
Che Guevara (shown) and Patty Hearst are considered as inspirations for the thematic of the album.

French design team M/M Paris (Michael Amzalag and Mathias Augustyniak) were responsible for the artwork of American Life. The duo are best known for their collaborations with musicians.[18] One of the first rumored titles of the album was Ein Sof, which Madonna had mentioned in an interview with Larry King in October 2002, during the promotion for Swept Away.[9] Ein Sof is a mystical Hebrew concept meaning "endlessness".

In mid-January 2003, in Los Angeles, the photo shoot for the album was done by photographer Craig McDean. McDean had already worked with Madonna for the portfolio for Vanity Fair magazine in October 2002; this work had a military theme, with Madonna posing in dark greens and blacks, combat boots, and holding guns. Her hair was dyed dark brown, and on the cover of the album, Madonna is wearing a beret and is almost a copy of the famous image of Che Guevara. In an interview to the Italian version of TV show Top of the Pops she said that the choice to emulate Che's image was because she likes what he represents and was feeling revolutionary when she wrote the album.[19] Also, a cause of the paramilitary theme, the dyed hair and the artistic composition, was compared with Patty Hearst.[20]

Critical reception

 Professional ratings
Review scores
Source Rating
Allmusic 2.5/5 stars [3]
The A.V. Club (B-) [21]
Blender 2/5 stars [5]
Robert Christgau (2/3 stars honorable mention)(2/3 stars honorable mention)(2/3 stars honorable mention) [22]
entertainment.ie 2/5 stars [23]
Entertainment Weekly (B-) [24]
The Guardian 3/5 stars [25]
NME (7/10) [26]
Rolling Stone 3/5 stars [7]
Slant Magazine 3.5/5 stars [27]
Stylus (F) [6]
Yahoo! Music UK 7/10 stars [8]

Metacritic scored the album as having an averaged score of 60 out of 100, indicating mixed reviews from critics.[4] "[This album] winds up as the first Madonna record with ambitions as serious as a textbook" and "Even so, there's a lot that's interesting" were some mixed critics said by Stephen Thomas Erlewine, of Allmusic, who gave the album two-and-a-half out of five stars.[3] According to Metacritic, E! Online gave one of the best critiques: "Aside from the thumping groove of 'Nobody Knows Me' and a few other bouncy beats, much of the electro style Madonna experimented with on 2000's Music has been replaced with warmer sounds and earthy touches, like acoustic guitars and a choir that comes from nowhere on 'Nothing Fails'".[4] Ben Ratliff, of Rolling Stone, declared "the production is artfully thin. You get the feeling that what she'd really like to do is make an album of voice and guitar".[7] Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly wrote "You can give her a Razzie, you can try sweeping her away with dismissals of irrelevance in a 50 Cent world, but you can't count her out. At its best, her new album offers blunt, questing, decisive music at a chaotic time".[24] Tony Power, from Blender, noted "Madonna overdoes the self-analysis on this slack, narcissistic retread of Music".[5] Johnny Davis, from New Musical Express laid out three points: "We discover that (a) love is all that matters ('Love Profusion', 'X-Static Process') (b) fame won't make you happy ('I'm So Stupid') and (c) life - it's a rum do, and no mistake ('Easy Ride', 'Nobody Knows Me')".[26] Moreover, Ed Howard, Stylus Magazine writer, gave a negative review: "Despite the Che Guevara poses in the sleeve art and the anti-capitalist rant of the title track, American Life is really just an album about, well, Madonna." Howard continued with "Producer Mirawis ... crafts from his usual palette of heavily processed guitars and subdued techno beats, keeping the mood mostly restrained and low-key in stark contrast to the genre-switching Music ... But these bare moments of enjoyment can hardly salvage a whole album of mediocre music. Madonna was once the definitive pop auteur, ... but at least she's always been interesting and (more importantly for pop music) entertaining.[6]

Commercial response

According to NBC Washington D.C. and The Daily Telegraph, "American Life" sold over four million units worldwide;[28][29] making it the 32nd best selling album worldwide of 2003.[30]

American Life debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 with 241,000 copies sold in its first week. It was Madonna's second consecutive number one debut, and her fifth number one overall in the U.S.[31] It peaked at number one in the United Kingdom where it was certified platinum.[2]

In 2004, American Life was nominated at the 46th Grammy Awards in two categories "Best Short Form Music Video" and "Best Dance Recording", both for the song "Die Another Day". It was nominated for "Best Video from a Film" at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards.

Singles

"Die Another Day", was the first single from the original score of the same name for the twentieth James Bond film. It later was added to the album. The song peaked at number eight in the United States;[32] and number three in the United Kingdom.[33] The production costs for the music video were over $6,000,000, making it the second most expensive music video ever made, after "Scream" by Michael Jackson and Janet Jackson.[34]

"American Life" was released as the lead single from the album on April 8, 2003 in the United States and on April 14, 2003 in Europe. There are two music videos.[35] The first develops in a fashion runway, where the topic is war. At the end of the music video, is shown the then-President of the United States, George W. Bush. The anti-war content of its music video was interpreted as being unpatriotic, making Madonna withdraw its release for American music channels. She issued a statement saying she did so because she believed it was not appropriate to air it at that time, and that she did not want to risk offending anyone who could misinterpret its meaning.[36] Later, was filmed a second video, which shows Madonna using military clothing and singing in front of the various flags of the world. The song debuted at number ninety on the Billboard Hot 100;[37] and peaked at number thirty-seven on the chart; becoming Madonna's 45th Top 40 hit in the chart.[32] The song also peaked at number two in the UK;[38] seven in Austria and Australia;[39][40] and ten in Germany and France.[41][42]

The second single, "Hollywood", launched on July 3, 2003 in Europe and July 8, 2003 in the U.S., failed to chart in the Hot 100, becoming Madonna's first single in twenty years not to do so, since her song "Holiday". The song was a top-five hit in Canada, Italy and the United Kingdom.[43][44][45]

"Nothing Fails", was released in Europe on November 21, 2003 as third single. It was a minor chart success, but did not match the success of previous singles from American Life in the Continent, charting outside the top twenty in some countries. Also, it peaked in the top-ten in Canada, Ireland and Spain.[40][45] In late 2003, "Nothing Fails" was remixed as "Nothing Fails (Nevins Mix)" for Madonna's remix EP Remixed & Revisited. The remix peaked at number seven in Italy.[45]

"Love Profusion", was the fourth and the final single from the album, released on December 8, 2003. It peaked in the top-ten only in Greece, Italy and Canada, her fifth top ten Canadian hit from the album and thirteenth top ten in-a-row.[43][45] Also, it debuted and peaked at eleven on UK Singles Chart;[46] becoming Madonna sixth single, of seven, in lost the top-ten on the chart, after One More Chance on 1996.[47]

Promotional singles

The promotional releases, "Nobody Knows Me" and "Mother and Father", became very successful in American clubs, peaking at number four and number nine, respectively on the US Hot Dance Club Songs chart.[43] American Life became the first album to achieve seven top-ten songs on this chart.[48]

Album promotion

See also: Re-Invention World Tour

Madonna initially promoted the record by playing the songs at smaller venues on the American Life Promo Tour. The tour was several brief concert-like performances by Madonna, took place in 2003, between the months of April and May. The American Life Promo Tour promoted Madonna's ninth studio album, American Life, and preceded her sold-out 2004 Re-Invention World Tour. Madonna sang several songs from American Life, mixed with a few classics. However, the setlist changed from show to show. Following are the songs she performed during the entire tour:

  1. "American Life"
  2. "Hollywood"
  3. "Nothing Fails"
  4. "X-Static Process"
  5. "Like a Prayer"
  6. "Mother and Father"
  7. "Like a Virgin"
  8. "Music"
  9. "Don't Tell Me"

Tour dates

Madonna performed at several different locations in North America and Europe during the Promo Tour.

Date City Country Venue / Show
North America
April 22, 2003 New York City United States Madonna: On The Stage And On The Record [49]
April 23, 2003 New York City United States Tower Records
Europe
April 30, 2003 Cologne Germany Absolute Madonna
May 1, 2003 London England Jonathan Ross
May 3, 2003 London England CD:UK
May 6, 2003 Paris France La Chanson #1
May 7, 2003 Paris France La Cantine Du Faubourg
May 9, 2003 London England HMV
May 15, 2003 London England Top Of The Pops

Personnel

She later supported the album with her worldwide Re-Invention World Tour in 2004. The tour was the sixth concert tour by Madonna. Supported by the album, the tour was a commercial success. Tickets were completely sold as soon as dates and venues for the concert were announced, prompting the organizers to add more dates. After its end, the tour was named as the highest grossing tour of 2004, earning $125 million from 56 shows and 900,000 audience. It won the Top Tour award as part of the 2004 Billboard Touring Awards.[50]

During the tour, Madonna released the remix EP Remixed & Revisited. The EP is made up of five remixes from American Life, another remix and a new song.[14]

Madonna performed the songs "Like a Virgin" and "Hollywood" with Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera and with a guest rap by Missy Elliott at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards.[51] Moments before Missy Elliott's act, Madonna kissed Spears and Aguilera during the performance, resulting in a tabloid frenzy.[52][53]

Track listing

No. Title Writer(s) Producer(s) Length
1. "American Life"   Madonna, Mirwais Ahmadzaï Madonna, Mirwais Ahmadzaï 4:58
2. "Hollywood"   Madonna, M. Ahmadzaï Madonna, Mirwais Ahmadzaï 4:24
3. "I'm So Stupid"   Madonna, M. Ahmadzaï Madonna, Mirwais Ahmadzaï 4:09
4. "Love Profusion"   Madonna, M. Ahmadzaï Madonna, Mirwais Ahmadzaï 3:38
5. "Nobody Knows Me"   Madonna, M. Ahmadzaï Madonna, Mirwais Ahmadzaï 4:39
6. "Nothing Fails"   Madonna, Guy Sigsworth, Jem Griffiths Madonna, Mirwais Ahmadzaï 4:49
7. "Intervention"   Madonna, M. Ahmadzaï Madonna, Mirwais Ahmadzaï 4:54
8. "X-Static Process"   Madonna, Stuart Price Madonna, Mirwais Ahmadzaï 3:50
9. "Mother and Father"   Madonna, M. Ahmadzaï Madonna, Mirwais Ahmadzaï 4:33
10. "Die Another Day"   Madonna, M. Ahmadzaï Madonna, Mirwais Ahmadzaï 4:38
11. "Easy Ride"   Madonna, Monte Pittman Madonna, Mirwais Ahmadzaï 5:05

Additional notes:

Album credits

Personnel

Production

Charts, certifications and procession

Charts

Chart Peak
Position
Australian Albums Chart[54] 3
Austrian Albums Chart[54] 1
Belgium Albums Chart (Flanders)[54] 1
Belgium Albums Chart (Wallonia)[54] 1
Canadian Albums Chart[55][56] 1
Finnish Albums Chart[54] 2
French Albums Charts[54] 1
Denmark Albums Chart[54] 1
Italian Albums Chart[54] 1
Japanese Albums Chart[57] 4
Netherlands Albums Chart[54] 3
New Zealand Albums Chart[54] 2
Norwegian Albums Chart[54] 1
Portugal Albums Chart[54] 10
Spanish Albums Chart[58] 2
Swedish Albums Chart[54] 1
Swiss Albums Top 100[54] 1
UK Albums Chart[59] 1
U.S. Billboard 200[55][56] 1

Certifications

Country Certification
Argentina Gold[60]
Australia Platinum[61]
Brazil Gold[62]
Canada Platinum[63]
Europe Platinum[64]
France Platinum[65]
Germany Platinum[66]
Hungary Platinum[67]
Japan Gold[68]
Netherlands Gold[69]
Russia Platinum[70]
Switzerland Platinum[71]
United Kingdom Platinum[2]
United States Platinum[1]

Chart procession and succession

Preceded by
A Rush of Blood to the Head by Coldplay		 UK number one album
May 3, 2003 – May 9, 2003		 Succeeded by
Justified by Justin Timberlake
Preceded by
Thankful by Kelly Clarkson		 Billboard 200 number-one album
May 4, 2003 – May 10, 2003		 Succeeded by
Get Rich or Die Tryin' by 50 Cent
Preceded by
Meteora by Linkin Park		 European Top 100 Albums number one album
May 10, 2003 – May 24, 2003		 Succeeded by
The Golden Age of Grotesque by Marilyn Manson

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "RIAA Certifications Search". Recording Industry Association of America. RIAA. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH. Retrieved 2010-02-17. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "BPI Certifications Search". British Phonographic Industry. BPI. http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx. Retrieved 2010-02-15. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "allmusic ((( American Life > Overview Explicit )))". Rovi Corporation. Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:dbv1z88a4yvo. Retrieved 2010-02-17. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "American Life". Metacritic. http://www.metacritic.com/music/artists/madonna/americanlife. Retrieved 2009-02-08. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Power, Tony (2003-04-23). "American Life Review Madonna". Blender. http://www.blender.com/guide/back-catalogue/52731/american-life.html. Retrieved 2010-02-17. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Howard, Ed (2003-09-01). "Madonna "American Life"". Slant Magazine. http://www.stylusmagazine.com/reviews/madonna/american-life.htm. Retrieved 2010-01-19. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Ratliff, Ben (2003-04-22). "Madonna: American Life: Music Reviews: Rolling Stone". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/madonna/albums/album/273997/review/6067443/american_life. Retrieved 2010-02-17. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Gennoe, Dan (2003-04-23). "Madonna "American Life"". Yahoo! Music UK. http://uk.launch.yahoo.com/l_reviews_a/29133.html. Retrieved 2010-01-19. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 King, Larry (2002-10-10). "CNN Larry King Live". Larry King Live. CNN. http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0210/10/lkl.00.html. Retrieved 2010-02-17. 
  10. ↑ "Michel Colombier Official Web Site". http://www.michelcolombier.com/home.htm. Retrieved 2010-02-18. 
  11. ↑ Teather, David (2004-06-16). "Madonna ends her Maverick era". The Guardian. London: guardian.co.uk. http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2004/jun/16/citynews.arts. Retrieved 2010-02-17. 
  12. ↑ "Heads Roll at Madonna's Maverick Label". ABC News. ABC News/Entertainment. 2004-07-20. http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=103495&page=1. Retrieved 2010-02-17. 
  13. ↑ Cinquemani, Sal (2007-02-24). "Madonna "Erotica"". Slant Magazine'. http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/madonna-erotica/386. Retrieved 2010-04-08. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Lamb, Bill (2007-02-27). "All That Is Madonna". About.com. The New York Times Company. http://top40.about.com/od/albums/fr/madonnaconf.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-08. 
  15. ↑ Édition Espéciale 2CDs: American Life + Remixed & Revisited, Warner Music France, 9362-48673-2
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "The Smoking Gun: Archive". thesmokingun.com. http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/madonnasplash1.html. Retrieved 2010-02-16. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Like a virgin – Madonna hacked for the very first time". The Register. The Register. 2003-04-22. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2003/04/22/like_a_virgin_madonna_hacked/. Retrieved 2010-04-07. 
  18. ↑ Frankel, Susannah (2008-01-23). "Master Minds: From album covers to Calvin Klein ads, the artists have revolutionised the way we see fashion". London: The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/features/master-minds-from-album-covers-to-calvin-klein-ads-the-artists-have-revolutionised-the-way-we-see-fashion-772067.html. Retrieved 2010-02-17. 
  19. ↑ "Madonna Tormenting Italian Interviewer on Top Of The Pops". Top of the Pops. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5NcMIoAJYPY&feature=PlayList&p=F17539357D1F9ED7&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=5. Retrieved 2010-02-16. 
  20. ↑ Dominic, Serene (2003-05-14). "Madonna American Life". Times-Shamrock Communications. Metro Times. http://www.metrotimes.com/music/review.asp?rid=20462. Retrieved 2010-04-08. 
  21. ↑ Thompson, Stephen (2003-04-23). "Madonna "American Life". The A.V. Club. http://www.avclub.com/articles/madonna-american-life,12006/. Retrieved 2010-01-19. 
  22. ↑ Christgau, Robert (2003). "CG Madonna". http://www.robertchristgau.com/get_artist.php?name=madonna. Retrieved 2010-01-19. 
  23. ↑ Lynch, Andrew (2003-04-23). "Madonna "American Life"". entertainment.ie. http://entertainment.ie/album-review/Madonna---American-Life/2654.htm. Retrieved 2010-01-19. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Tucker, Ken (2003-04-25). "American Life (2003) Madonna". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,444558~4~0~americanlife,00.html. Retrieved 2010-02-17. 
  25. ↑ Petridis, Alexis (2003-04-11). "Madonna "American Life"". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2003/apr/11/popandrock.artsfeatures. Retrieved 2010-01-19. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Davis, John. "Madonna "American Life"". New Musical Express. http://www.nme.com/reviews/madonna/7079. Retrieved 2010-01-19. 
  27. ↑ Cinquemani, Sal (2008-07-11). "Madonna "American Life"". Slant Magazine. http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/music_review.asp?ID=1430. Retrieved 2010-01-19. 
  28. ↑ Gerard, Chris (2008-10-16). "Madonna’s 'Hard Candy' Strikes Sour Note". NBC Washington D.C.. http://www.nbcwashington.com/around-town/archive/Madonnas_Hard_Candy_Strikes_Sour_Note.html. Retrieved 2010-02-16. 
  29. ↑ Hastings, Chris (2005-10-16). "Thank you for the music! How Madonna's new single will give Abba their greatest-ever hit". The Daily Telegraph. London: telegraph.co.uk. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1500733/Thank-you-for-the-music-How-Madonnas-new-single-will-give-Abba-their-greatest-ever-hit.html. Retrieved 2010-02-17. 
  30. ↑ "Top 50 Global Best Selling Albums for 2003 (physical and digital album formats included)". IFPI. IFPI. http://www.ifpi.org/content/library/top50-2003.pdf. Retrieved 2010-02-16. 
  31. ↑ Pietroluongo, Silvio (2005-11-23). "Madonna Dances Straight To No. 1". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media, Inc). http://www.billboard.com/#/news/madonna-dances-straight-to-no-1-1001570383.story. Retrieved 2009-08-04. 
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Billboard. "Madonna Chart History". Archived from the original on 2008-07-08. http://web.archive.org/web/20080708082315/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/retrieve_chart_history.do?model.vnuArtistId=50294&model.vnuAlbumId=1114392. Retrieved 2010-02-12. 
  33. ↑ "Chart Stats - Madonna - Die Another Day". The Official Charts Company. ChartStats. 2003-02-22. http://www.chartstats.com/songinfo.php?id=30386. Retrieved 2010-01-18. 
  34. ↑ "Die teuersten Musikvideos aller Zeiten" (in German). Welt Online. 2007-04-27. http://www.welt.de/vermischtes/article836335/Die_teuersten_Musikvideos_aller_Zeiten.html. Retrieved 2010-01-10. 
  35. ↑ Wiederhorn, Jon, John Norris (2003-03-31). "Madonna Yanks Controversial 'American Life' Video". MTV News. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1470876/20030331/madonna.jhtml. Retrieved 2010-01-18. 
  36. ↑ Wiederhorn, Jon (2004-04-22). "Madonna Defends Her Violent 'American Life' Video". MTV News. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1469995/20030214/madonna.jhtml. Retrieved 2010-02-20. 
  37. ↑ Singles Minded. Google Books. 2003-04-05. p. 55. http://books.google.com.mx/books?id=VQ8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA55&lpg=PA55&dq=American+Life+became+the+first+album+to+achieve+seven+top-ten+songs+on+this+chart&source=bl&ots=ufRBPfSuRL&sig=09Q8oFkFeyjpQ3yHt66h614gIsY&hl=es&ei=zZyFS4KkL4ziswPij9X0CA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=19&ved=0CF0Q6AEwEg#v=onepage&q=&f=false. Retrieved 2010-01-24. 
  38. ↑ "Chart Stats - Madonna - American Life". The Official Charts Company. ChartStats. 2003-07-05. http://www.chartstats.com/songinfo.php?id=30789. Retrieved 2010-01-18. 
  39. ↑ "Madonna singles discography". http://austriancharts.at/search.asp?search=madonna&cat=s. 
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 "ARIA singles charts". Australian Recording Industry Association. Australian-charts.com at Hung Medien. http://australian-charts.com/search.asp?search=madonna&cat=s. Retrieved 2010-02-18. 
  41. ↑ "Madonna Singles Discography". Media Control Charts. Musicline.de. 1984–2009. http://www.musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/MADONNA/single. Retrieved 2010-02-18. 
  42. ↑ "Madonna Singles Discography". Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Lescharts.com at Hung Medien. 1984–2009. http://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Madonna. Retrieved 2010-02-18. 
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 "allmusic ((( Madonna > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles )))". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:jvfyxqe5ldae~T51. Retrieved 2010-02-14. 
  44. ↑ "Chart Stats - Madonna - Hollywood". The Official Charts Company. ChartStats. 2003-08-30. http://www.chartstats.com/songinfo.php?id=31008. Retrieved 2010-02-18. 
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 "Madonna Singles Discography". Federation of the Italian Music Industry. Hitparadeitalia.it. 1982–2010. http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/indici/per_interprete/am.htm. Retrieved 2010-02-18. 
  46. ↑ "Chart Stats - Madonna - Love Profusion". The Official Charts Company. ChartStats. 2004-01-24. http://www.chartstats.com/songinfo.php?id=31446. Retrieved 2010-01-18. 
  47. ↑ "Chart Stats - Madonna". The Official Charts Company. ChartStats. http://www.chartstats.com/artistinfo.php?id=799. Retrieved 2010-04-08. 
  48. ↑ ""Chart Beat" 9 June 2005". Billboard.com. http://www.billboard.com/column/chartbeat-1000954401.story. Retrieved 2009-06-07. 
  49. ↑ "Madonna: On Stage & On the Record". Hollywood.com. http://www.hollywood.com/tv/Madonna_On_Stage__On_the_Record/5203536. Retrieved 2008-07-13. 
  50. ↑ "Re-Invention Tour gets Top 'Backstage Pass' Honor". Mad-Eyes. 2004-11-06. http://www.mad-eyes.net/news/2004/04_11a.htm. Retrieved 2010-02-21. 
  51. ↑ "Madonna". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://rockhall.com/inductees/madonna. Retrieved 2010-02-18. 
  52. ↑ Warn, Sarah (September 15, 2003). "VMA's Madonna-Britney-Christina Kiss: Progress or Publicity Stunt?". AfterEllen.com. http://www.afterellen.com/archive/ellen/TV/vmakiss.html. Retrieved 2009-05-28. 
  53. ↑ Gardner, Elysa (2003-08-29). "Madonna, Spears, Aguilera shock at MTV Awards". USA Today (Gannett Company). http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/awards/mtvmusicawards/2003-08-28-mtv-vma_x.htm. Retrieved 2007-01-27. 
  54. ↑ 54.00 54.01 54.02 54.03 54.04 54.05 54.06 54.07 54.08 54.09 54.10 54.11 54.12 54.13 "American Life (Album)". Ultratop. http://www.ultratop.be/nl/showitem.asp?interpret=Madonna&titel=American+Life&cat=a. Retrieved 2010-02-14. 
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 "American Life". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/album/madonna/american-life/578318#/album/madonna/american-life/578318. Retrieved 2010-02-14. 
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 "allmusic ((( Madonna > Charts & Awards > Billboard Albums )))". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:fzfwxqtaldde~T3. Retrieved 2010-02-24. 
  57. ↑ "アメリカン・ライフ" (in Japanese). Oricon. 2003-04-23. http://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/artist/162927/products/music/504783/1/. Retrieved 2010-07-10. 
  58. ↑ "Hits of the World: Spain". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media, Inc) 115 (19): 60. 2003-05-10. ISSN 0006-2510. http://books.google.com/books?id=qg0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=RA1-PA60&dq=%22May+10,+2003%22+%22hits+of+the+world%22+spain&hl=en&ei=Nah0TLz7KYigvgOepLXDBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22May%2010%2C%202003%22%20%22hits%20of%20the%20world%22%20spain&f=false. Retrieved 2010-08-24. 
  59. ↑ "Chart Stats - Madonna - American Life". The Official UK Charts Company. Chart Stats. http://www.chartstats.com/albuminfo.php?id=1144. Retrieved 2010-04-07. 
  60. ↑ "Discos de Oro y Platino" (in Spanish). Cámara Argentina de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. CAPIF. http://www.capif.org.ar/Default.asp?PerDesde_MM=0&PerDesde_AA=0&PerHasta_MM=0&PerHasta_AA=0&interprete=madonna&album=&LanDesde_MM=0&LanDesde_AA=0&LanHasta_MM=0&LanHasta_AA=0&Galardon=O&Tipo=1&ACCION2=+Buscar+&ACCION=Buscar&CO=5&CODOP=ESOP. Retrieved 2010-02-16. 
  61. ↑ ARIA Accreditations "Accreditations". Australian Recording Industry Association. ARIA. http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-accreditations-albums-2003.htm ARIA Accreditations. Retrieved 2010-02-14. 
  62. ↑ ABPD Certifications "Certificados" (in Portuguese). Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos. ABPD. http://www.abpd.org.br/certificados.asp ABPD Certifications. Retrieved 2010-02-14. 
  63. ↑ "Gold & Platinum Certification – June 2003". Canadian Recording Industry Association. Canadian Recording Industry Association. http://www.cria.ca/gold/0603_g.php. Retrieved 2010-02-14. 
  64. ↑ "Platinum Certifications Europe 2003". International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. http://www.ifpi.org/content/section_news/plat2003.html. Retrieved 2010-02-15. 
  65. ↑ "Certifications Albums Platine - année 2003". Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. 2003-07-09. http://www.disqueenfrance.com/fr/page-259165.xml?year=2003&type=12. Retrieved 2010-08-24. 
  66. ↑ "Gold/Platin-Datenbank" (in German). International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. IFPD. http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank_beta/. Retrieved 2010-01-10. 
  67. ↑ "Archivum - Slágerlisták" (in Hungarian). Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége. MAHASz. 
  68. ↑ "Certification Awards July 2003" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. RIAJ. http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/gold/200307.html. Retrieved 2010-02-15. 
  69. ↑ "søgning" (in West Frisian). NVPI. http://www.nvpi.nl/nvpi/pagina.asp?pagkey=60461#resultaat. Retrieved 2010-02-15. 
  70. ↑ "Главная / Золотой и платиновый альбом в России / International 2003" (in Russian). NFPP. 2M. http://2m-online.ru/gold_n_platinum/detail.php?COUNTRY=5069. Retrieved 2010-02-15. 
  71. ↑ "American Life". IFPI Switzerland. IFPI. http://swisscharts.com/search_certifications.asp?search=american+life. Retrieved 2010-02-15. 

External links

Madonna
Albums · Singles · Videos · Unreleased songs · Tours · Films · Books · Awards and nominations
Studio albums
Madonna · Like a Virgin · True Blue · Like a Prayer · Erotica · Bedtime Stories · Ray of Light · Music · American Life · Confessions on a Dance Floor · Hard Candy
Compilations
You Can Dance · The Immaculate Collection · Something to Remember · GHV2 · Remixed & Revisited · Celebration
Soundtracks
Who's That Girl · I'm Breathless · Evita
Extended plays
Remixed Prayers · Madonna 1983–1989 · The Holiday Collection
Video compilations
Madonna · The Immaculate Collection · The Video Collection 93:99 · The Madonna Collection · Celebration: The Video Collection
Video singles
"Justify My Love" · "Ray of Light" · "Music" · "What It Feels Like for a Girl"
Live releases
Live – The Virgin Tour · Ciao, Italia! – Live from Italy · Live! – Blond Ambition World Tour 90 · Truth or Dare · The Girlie Show – Live Down Under · Drowned World Tour 2001 · I'm Going to Tell You a Secret · The Confessions Tour · Sticky & Sweet Tour
Concert tours
The Virgin Tour · Who's That Girl World Tour · Blond Ambition World Tour · The Girlie Show World Tour · Drowned World Tour · Re-Invention World Tour · Confessions Tour · Sticky & Sweet Tour
Motion pictures
A Certain Sacrifice · Vision Quest · Desperately Seeking Susan · Shanghai Surprise · Who's That Girl · Bloodhounds of Broadway · Dick Tracy · Shadows and Fog · A League of Their Own · Body of Evidence · Dangerous Game · Four Rooms · Girl 6 · Evita · The Next Best Thing · Swept Away · Die Another Day · Arthur and the Invisibles · Filth and Wisdom · W.E.
Documentaries
Truth or Dare · I'm Going to Tell You a Secret  · I Am Because We Are
Books
Sex · The English Roses
Related companies
Live Nation · Warner Bros. Records · Maverick · Maverick Records · Maverick Films · Semtex Films · Sire Records · Warner Music Group
Related articles
Madonna as gay icon · Madonna wannabe · Madonna Studies · Madonna on Late Show with David Letterman · Madonna: An Intimate Biography · "Dolls and Dolls" · "The Power of Madonna" (EP) · Raising Malawi · X-STaTIC Pro=CeSS · Breakfast Club · Sean Penn · Guy Ritchie · Christopher Ciccone · Ashcombe House, Wiltshire · 15 Films About Madonna · Pre-Madonna
Wikipedia book Book · Category Category · Portal Portal · WikiProject WikiProject